Morgan Motor Company Case Study

Morgan Motor Company Case Study Automobile industry has a long history, since 19th century it has been continuously developed. The auto industry is often thought of as one of the most global of all industries. Its products have spread around the world, and it is dominated by a small number of companies with worldwide recognition. In this assignment I am going to discuss Morgan Motor companys strategic position which includes: marketing position, culture of the company, competitiveness and the future development. Profile of the Company The Morgan Motor Company is unique in building cars in England since 1909 and still being privately owned by the Morgan family. Indeed in its 100-year existence only three Morgans have headed the company. Since the first four-wheeled car in 1936 the factory has only built sports cars. The traditional Morgan is still being built using the separate steel chassis, with an ash body frame panelled in aluminium, but using excellent modern drive trains from Ford. This combines the pleasure of driving a real classic with a modern day performance and new car reliability. The launch of the all new Morgan Aero 8 in 2001 was the first all new Model since 1936. It was also an all aluminium super car incorporating the very best of British race car chassis technology in a stunning road car. Powered by a BMW 4.4 V8 the Aeros bonded aluminium chassis followed the Morgan tradition of great strength yet lightweight. Built alongside the traditional cars, the Aero 8 is proving its outstanding competence to a new breed of Morgan owners. The product market mission Morgan is unique in a car industry. They consistently keep making the hand- made and ash-framed cars. They dont have as much customers as other car companies and its niche market is relatively small than others. Their output is also small in comparison with other car brands. Morgan is not trying to change its cars to more modern cars and to increase its production number, this is what gives Morgan its uniqueness. If they start producing more modern cars and increase its output they may loos its uniqueness. This does not mean that Morgan is consistently using the same technology of producing cars as they used to, they are continually improving the quality. Morgan is a niche operator and it does not compete with others. If they moderate their production with increasing the output and produce more modern cars they will face the competition with other car manufacturers. They are always staying at the position they are now and keeping the same strategy, if they keep doing this they will n ot have many competitors in the market. There are number of approaches to understand the product market mission in deep. I will discuss some of them below. Porters Generic Strategy Porter (1980, 1985) suggested that some of the most basic choices faced by companies are essentially the scope of the markets that the company would serve and how the company would compete in the selected markets. Competitive strategies focus on ways in which a company can achieve the most advantageous position that it possibly can in its industry (Pearson, 1999). According to Porter, there are three generic strategies that a company can undertake to attain competitive advantage: cost leadership, differentiation, and focus. Focus Companies that use Focus strategies concentrate on particular niche markets and, by understanding the dynamics of that market and the unique needs of customers within it, develop uniquely low cost or well-specified products for the market. In Porters Generic Strategy model Morgan Motors can be placed in differentiation focus, because Morgan cars price is quite high so it can not follow the cost leadership strategy, they are not selling their product in a standard market price. Morgan do deliver high quality product and service, their cars are unique in car industry market, as already mentioned above, Morgan is the oldest hand-made car manufacturer. The company concentrates on a particular niche market and is different from other mass production car manufacturers. Parnells Idea Parnell suggested that valuable resource is more important for the company than cost leadership and differentiation. He believed that valuable resources could help the company to achieve more success. He said that if company can have inimitable, rare and valuable resources it could help the company to gain the competitive advantage. Organizations possessing rare, valuable and inimitable resources possess a greater capability to perform a strong value proposition than those without such resources (Parnell, 2006) In case of Morgan the idea of Parnell can be aplicable because Morgan uses valuable resources and they are inimitable. What are their valuable resources and what makes them to be inimitable will be discused after. Strategy Clock The strategy clock is another appropriate way to analyze a companys competitive position to cost or differentiation advantages (Bowman Faulkner, 1996). The strategy clock uses differentiation and focused differentiation in a similar manner to that of the generic strategy model. As it is already explained above in Porters Generic Strategy Morgan Motors in Strategy Clock takes the same place which is the focused differentiation. Morgan Motors product price is high and the market niche is relatively small it concentrates on particular niche market. Customers perceived value is also high. Strategy Cube A model that allows the discussion of competitive strategy from both market and resource perspectives has been described by Jenkins (2004). A framework is proposed in which products/services are described by three variables: Relative level of consumer perceived product benefits Relative product price to the customer Relative product cost to the producer If we compare the cube with porters generic strategy and strategy clock point A in the cube is similar to Differentiation Focus in above mentioned models, which means that the companies which are placed in this point has got high price, high benefits, particular market niche. The point E is similar to Cost Focus in Porters generic strategy and it is similar to 1 and 2 positions in strategic clock. In the case of Morgan Motors Company in this model it is positioned in a point A because of its high cost, high perceived benefits, low market niche and high price. The Cultural Web, which I will discuss below will help us to understand the Companys culture. The Cultural Web identifies six interrelated elements that help to make up what Johnson and Scholes call the paradigm the pattern or model of the work environment. By analyzing the factors in each, the companies can begin to see the bigger picture of their culture: what is working, what isnt working, and what needs to be changed. The six elements are: Stories Rituals and Routines Symbols Organizational Structure Control Systems Power Structures Company has been owned by Morgan family since it has been established. Company has about 150 employees. The managers seat together with the employees on a traditional tea break and talk with them, this is the way to know better all employees and share their thoughts. For the Company it is very important to have high skilled staff. Company is situated at the same place as it was since it has been established, most of the employees have worked for the Company for more than ten years, mainly the employees are from the same area and moreover they are from the same family. All the employees have a very close relationship with each other. All this makes the Company to have a different culture from other manufacturers. The activities and the resources of the Company Value chain analyses The value chain framework of Porter (1990) is an interdependent system or network of activities, connected by linkages. When the system is managed carefully, the linkages can be a vital source of competitive advantage (Pathania-Jain, 2001). In order to conduct the value chain analysis, the company is split into primary and support activities. The primary and secondary activities of the firm are discussed in detail below. Primary activities The primary activities (Porter, 1985) of the company include the following: Inbound logistics These are the activities concerned with receiving the materials from suppliers, storing these externally sourced materials, and handling them within the firm. Morgan is using high standard and high quality materials. Morgan always keep improving their quality and they are continuing using the aluminium and recently they bought the BMWs engine to make their cars better and faster. Operations These are the activities related to the production of products and services. Morgan cars since the Company has established are made by hand with ash-frame. This is what makes Morgan cars so special and valuable. All Morgan cars are different from each other, they are made according the taste of the customer. Comparing to other car manufacturers, to produce Morgan cars takes much longer time, but this doesnt make to shorten their customer waiting list and people are still keen to get Morgan car which can be made according to their taste. Outbound logistics These are all the activities concerned with distributing the final product and/or service to the customers. As it is already described above, because of Morgan car is made by hand, it takes much longer time than other car manufacturers. The waiting time till Morgan car is finished is between one and two years, but sometimes it takes much longer to collect the car to its final face. Morgan has only one plant, but it has dealers all over the world what makes much easier for the customers to get their car more conveniently. Marketing and sales This functional area essentially analyses the needs and wants of customers and is responsible for creating awareness among the target audience of the company about the firms products and services. Morgan Company doesnt do many marketing activities. For many people the brand still can be unknown. It is because of its low productivity, but their uniqueness and brand still brings them enough customers. It is obvious from their waiting list. Demand is much higher than supply. Service There is often a need to provide services like pre-installation or after-sales service before or after the sale of the product or service. Support activities The support activities of a company include the following: Procurement This function is responsible for purchasing the materials that are necessary for the companys operations. Human Resource Management This is a function concerned with recruiting, training, motivating and rewarding the workforce of the company. For Morgan well trained and high skilled employees are very important as it is for many Companies. As in many Companies Morgan also has the training programs to develop their employee skills. As above mentioned there are around 150 employees in Morgan Company and all of them are in a good relationship with each other. The heads of the Company is also trying to have a good relationship with each of their staff member and to share their thoughts with each other. Technology Development This is an area that is concerned with technological innovation, training and knowledge that is crucial for most companies today in order to survive. Morgan consistently is improving their product and technologies. For example: launching the Aero 8 model, and purchasing the BMWs engine to make their cars much comfortable and faster. Firm Infrastructure This includes planning and control systems, such as finance, accounting, and corporate strategy etc. (Lynch, 2003). The value chain should be analysed with the core competence of the company at its very heart (Macmillan et al, 2003). Resource Based View The resource-based view theory is based on the assumption that a competitive advantage is the result of optimal resource allocation and combination in imperfect markets. Resources are assets, skills, and capabilities. The resources leading to competitive advantages have to be scarce, valuable, non substitutable and it has to be hard to imitate them (Barney, 1991). In case of Morgan, the resources they are using are very special, high quality and valuable. They pay very big attention of the quality they are producing, using high quality materials to produce cars. The Morgan car has always been built around an ash-frame, and a steel chassis. The new Aero 8 also has an ash frame. This gives unique strength, flexibility and surprisingly, research showed that the frame made the car safer on impact tests. There are approx 50,000 colours to choose from. There are many things that makes Morgan cars so special. Its uniqueness in a world of look-alike cars. Its handmade quality the use of wood in many areas of construction long standingÂÂ   hands-on craftsmanship displayed in the bodywork and interior by the highly skilled workforce. Ability to tailor a model to the customers exact requirements. Most of the components of Morgan cars are made in-house. All this gives to Morgan to be inimitable. VRIO Analyses Given that almost anything a firm possesses can be considered a resource or capability how should you attempt to narrow down the ones that explain why firm performance differs? In order to lead to a sustainable competitive advantage a resource or capability should be Valuable, Rare, Inimitable, and Organized. Value: Rarity: Materials (Ash tree) 1. Limited edition Reputation 2. Rare materials Craft skill 3. Design High experienced workers 4. Unique cars 5. Choice of colour Inimitable: Organization: Skilled workers 1. Strategy Design 2. Tea break Materials 3. Friendly atmosphere Brand name The competitive context of the Company Five Forces The ideas and models which emerged during the period from 1979 to the mid-1980s (Porter, 1998) were based on the idea that competitive advantage came from the ability to earn a return on investment that was better than the average for the industry sector (Thurlby, 1998). The original competitive forces model, as proposed by Porter (1998), identified five forces which would impact on an organizations behaviour in a competitive market. These include the following: The rivalry between existing sellers in the market. The power exerted by the customers in the market. The impact of the suppliers on the sellers. The potential threat of new sellers entering the market. The threat of substitute products becoming available in the market. Understanding the nature of each of these forces gives organizations the necessary insights to enable them to formulate the appropriate strategies to be successful in their market (Thurlby, 1998). Force 1: The Degree of Rivalry. Force 2: The Threat of Entry. Force 3: The Threat of Substitutes. Force 4: Buyer Power. Force 5: Supplier Power. The rivalry in global automotive industry is very intense. However in the case of Morgan Motors, the Company is very unique and only the one in automotive industry with its old fashioned hand made cars. Morgan doesnt have competitors and there is no rivalry between Morgan Motors and other car manufacturers. There is no substitute of Morgan cars. The threat of substitutes to the automotive industry is quite mild, numerous of other car manufacturers are competing with each other in the global car industry, but none of them offer the same kind of cars as Morgan does. None of them can offer to customers the hand- made, with an ash body frame panelled in aluminium, the classic old fashioned and herewith modern car, which can be made with the taste of customer. Entry barriers exist whenever it is difficult or not economically feasible for an outsider to replicate the incumbents position (Porter, 1980b; Sanderson, 1998). In the case of Morgan as I have already mentioned before it has a long history with its unique production, the Company has already obtained a solid position on the market and from my point of view it will be hard and not feasible for new entrants to replicate them. PESTEL Analyses PESTEL Analyses help organizations to analyse factors such as tax changes, new laws, trade barriers, demographic change and government policy changes. PESTEL stands for: Political, Economic, Social, Technological, Environmental, and Legal. PESTEL analysis is a useful strategic tool for understanding market growth or decline, business position, potential and direction for operations (Kotler, 1998). PESTEL analyses also ensures that companys performance is aligned positively with the powerful forces of change that are affecting business environment (Porter, 1985). Typical PESTEL factors to consider include: (P)olitical e.g. international trade, taxation policy (E)conomic e.g. interest rates, exchange rates, national income, inflation, unemployment (S)ocial e.g. ageing population, attitudes to work, income distribution (T)echnological e.g. innovation, new product development, rate of technological obsolescence (E)nvironmental e.g. global warming, environmental issues (L)egal e.g. competition law, health and safety, employment law Applying PESTEL to Morgan Motors Political: Political decisions can impact on many vital areas for business, but in case of Morgan the political factor does not impact on the companys environment. Question 2 Product Life Cycle The typical Product Life Cycle consists of five main aspects. Product development Introduction Growth Maturity Decline The Product Life Cycle begins with product development, during which time the firm devises and creates a new product (Kotler and Armstrong, 2004). The introduction of a new product onto the market is typically characterised by very slow sales, which may grow only very slightly over a long period of time. (Porter, 1980; 1985; Kotler et al., 1996; Blackwell et al., 2001; Grant, 2002; Kotler and Armstrong, 2004). The growth stage in the PLC typically involves a rapid growth in sales as early adopters replace pioneers as the main consumer group.ÂÂ   The maturity stage in the PLC is a key point for a firm because it marks the turning point in the products success.ÂÂ  Morgan Motor Company in Product Life Cycle takes Maturity stage.

Homosexuality in the Works of Oscar Wilde Essay -- Biography Biographi

Homosexuality in Oscar Wilde's Work      Ã‚  Ã‚   "I turned half way around and saw Dorian Gray for the first time. I knew that I had come face to face with someone whose mere personality was so fascinating that, if I allowed it to do so, it would absorb my whole nature, my whole soul, my very art itself" (7). During the Victorian era, this was a dangerous quote. The Victorian era was about progress. It was an attempt aimed at cleaning up the society and setting a moral standard. The Victorian era was a time of relative peace and economic stability (Marshall 783). Victorians did not want anything "unclean" or "unacceptable" to interfere with their idea of perfection. Therefore, this quote, taken from Oscar Wilde's The Picture of Dorian Gray, brimming with homosexual undertones, was considered inappropriate. Due to the time period's standards, Oscar Wilde was forced to hide behind a thin layer of inference and parallel. Wilde was obsessed with the perfect image. Although he dressed more flamboyantly than the contemporary dress, it was to create an image of himself. Wilde was terrified of revealing his homosexuality because he knew that he would be alienated and ostracized from the society. Through his works, Oscar Wilde implicitly reflected his homosexual lifestyle because he feared the repercussions from the conservative Victorian era in which he lived.    Oscar Wilde was born in 1854 and led a normal childhood. After high school, Wilde attended Oxford College and received a B.A. in 1878. During this time, he wrote Vera and The Importance of Being Earnest. In addition, "for two years Wilde had dressed in outlandish outfits, courted famous people and built his public image" (Stayley 317). Doing so earned Wilde a job with Rich... ...me, to make no mystery of his fall, and to regard him as a star which, looking at its own reflection in some dank marsh, fell down and smirched itself, and then became extinct ere it had time to soar aloft again" (Graham qtd. Tucker).       Work Cited Wilde, Oscar. The Portable Oscar Wilde. Aldington, Richard, ed. New York: Penguin Books, 1977. "The Making of the Motion Picture Wilde." (Online)(Internet) Samuelson Entertainment. 6/16/99. Available: http://www.oscarwilde.com Kilvert, Ian Scott, ed. British Writers. Vol. 5. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1982. Marshall, Kristine E., ed. Elements of Literature. New York: Harcourt Brace and Company, 1997. Stayley, Thomas T., ed. The Dictionary of Literary Biograph. Vol. 34. Michigan: Book Tower, 1985. Wilde, Oscar. The Picture of Dorian Gray. New York: The Modern Library, 1992.

Anarchy vs. Liberalism Essay -- Politics Political Ideologies

Contemporary liberal and anarchist philosophy are both two very different ways of trying to see what would be the best way to run society. While discussing these two ideologies I will try to show how both, in their purist sense, are not able work in today's society effectively. Contemporary liberals are involved in every day politics but through over regulation and dependence on government they loose their chances of running a reliable democracy. Anarchist have very good ideas of how a natural society could function without government or modern institutions but the biggest problem they have is how to get to that point. Both theories look good on paper but once they hit the real world they change due to alternating conceptions and individual influences. The root of the word anarchism comes from the Greek word anarchos, which means without ruler. The main philosophy behind anarchism is that people can reside in an unregulated community with no real authority and maintain a sustainable life. Anarchists see government and capitalism as an institution that creates liberty for the rich and enslavement of the masses. Emma Goldman best describes anarchism as: The philosophy of a new social order based on liberty unrestricted by man-made law; the theory that all forms of government rest on violence and are therefore wrong and harmful, as well as unnecessary. With anarchism there is a belief that once all government is abolished by the people that everyone will come together in a community of mutual aid and understanding without laws or authority to direct. Their philosophy can be considered opposite of most other ideologies, especially that of contemporary liberalism. Contemporary liberalism strives to hold on to the classic liberal's ideals pertaining to political, economic, and social liberties but it tends to look at democratic government as a tool rather than a hindrance. John Stuart Mill, John Dewey, and Franklin D. Roosevelt are established ideologues of contemporary liberalism. Just opposite of anarchism, modern liberalism puts its' faith in government to change and adapt to the failures of capitalism. The emergence of this political philosophy started around the end of the nineteenth century with John Stuart Mill's ideas in his book Principles of Political Economy. The philosophy became an ideology in the twentieth century with the main points of enh... ...Anarchy in theory seems like a very good idea. I would love to live in a society where you just did what was good for you and helped others while they helped you. I don't know why anyone wouldn't want to live in a society like that. The only problem is that to get to this utopian society the whole world would have to spontaneously decide they wanted it and I can guarantee there are many politicians and CEOs that would not like that. Contemporary liberals are right in wanting to reform institutions of today but I can't see how over regulation of government in all areas is going to help fix things. I do see the need for some government action towards the eradication of poverty, equal rights, and unemployment. Bibliography Citations "What is anarchism," An Anarchist FAQWebpage,www.geocities.com/CapitolHill/1931/, Internet Explorer, 5/4/98. Schumaker Paul, Dwight C. Kiel, Thomas Heilke, Great Ideas/Grand Schemes: Political Ideologies in the 19th and 20th Centuries, New York, The McGraw-Hill Companies Inc., 1996. Schumaker Paul, Dwight C. Kiel, Thomas W. Heilke, Ideological Voices: An Anthology in Modern Political Ideas, New York, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 1997.

Humorous Wedding Speech by the Father of the Groom -- Wedding Toasts R

Humorous Wedding Speech by the Father of the Groom Good evening. I would like to begin by welcoming each and every one of you to this joyous and stressful occasion. You know, while I was watching my son and future daughter-in-law suffer through the painful process of planning their wedding, I asked myself, â€Å"What would it be like if men were responsible for organizing weddings?† I’m guessing that my son might rename the "Rehearsal Dinner" to the "Rehearsal Dinner Kegger". The invitations would not read â€Å"Gracious dinning from 7 to 10† but rather, â€Å"Raucous Drinking from 7 until the cops show up.† Bridesmaids would wear matching blue jean cut-offs and halter tops – with more skin showing than not. Tuxes would have team logos on the back and the Nike shoes would have matching ... Humorous Wedding Speech by the Father of the Groom -- Wedding Toasts R Humorous Wedding Speech by the Father of the Groom Good evening. I would like to begin by welcoming each and every one of you to this joyous and stressful occasion. You know, while I was watching my son and future daughter-in-law suffer through the painful process of planning their wedding, I asked myself, â€Å"What would it be like if men were responsible for organizing weddings?† I’m guessing that my son might rename the "Rehearsal Dinner" to the "Rehearsal Dinner Kegger". The invitations would not read â€Å"Gracious dinning from 7 to 10† but rather, â€Å"Raucous Drinking from 7 until the cops show up.† Bridesmaids would wear matching blue jean cut-offs and halter tops – with more skin showing than not. Tuxes would have team logos on the back and the Nike shoes would have matching ...

Advancements in Medical Research Due to Hela Cells

Katrina Samborski Honors English 1100 Dr. Nicole Caswell November 10, 2012 Advancement of Medical Research from HeLa Cells HeLa simply stands for Henrietta Lacks, a young mother in the 1951 who went to the doctor complaining of vaginal bleeding and discovered she had cervical cancer. Henrietta’s cells were taken for a biopsy and were found to be like nothing ever seen before; her cells were immortal. Her cancer cells double every 20 to 24 hours and have lived on for the past 60 years. Since HeLa cells were created, our world of modern medicine has been completely changed.We now vaccines for once incurable diseases and have used the cells for cloning and other biomedical research. Although the cells have done a great deal of good, they have also caused substantial harm to Henrietta Lacks, her family, and potential trial research participants. Therefore, though some may think it was ethically wrong of Henrietta Lacks’ doctors to not inform her that they were using her cel ls, she is the reason we have been able to save thousands of lives. It was at Johns Hopkins Hospital when Dr.Gey, a prominent cancer and virus researcher, discovered Henrietta’s cells were immortal. Since cancer cells will die outside the body without the right mix of chemicals, Dr. Gey created the roller tube. This contraption held glass tubes containing samples in nutrient-rich fluids, turned slowly – sometimes just two revolutions an hour, exposing the cells to just the right mix of air and nutrients. When Henrietta’s cells were placed in this device, they never stopped dividing. While their research value is unquestioned, the tumor cells had created havoc in Henrietta Lacks' body.Skloot recounts the lab technician Mary Kubicek who was present at the autopsy. â€Å"The tumors had completely blocked her urethra, leaving doctors unable to pass a catheter into her bladder to empty it. Tumors the size of baseballs had nearly replaced her kidneys, bladder, ovarie s and uterus. And her other organs were so covered in small white tumors it looked as if someone had filled her with pearls† (Williams). Although her cells are cancerous, HeLa cells share many traits with normal cells, making them useful in studying protein synthesis, the human genome and how viruses work. Dr.Gey sold the cells to researchers around the world, who used them to develop a variety of medicines. HeLa cells were the first to travel into space in an unmanned satellite to see if humans could survive zero gravity. â€Å"This cell line is used all around the world and revolutionized cell biology because they grew so well in culture, said William Earnshaw, principal research fellow at the University of Edinburgh's Centre for Cell Biology. â€Å"They yielded a huge amount of information,† Earnshaw said (Sharp). In the early 1950s, the world experienced the biggest polio pandemic in history.Jonas Salk devised the world's first polio vaccine, but testing it would r equire huge supplies of live cells that, at the time, would have involved the sacrifice of thousands of monkeys. HeLa cells proved to be technically more suitable for testing, and much less expensive and messy, than using monkeys. Moreover, HeLa cells grew virtually anywhere and on any surface, including while floating on liquid. A HeLa mass production and distribution center was therefore established at the Tuskegee Institute, ironically at exactly the same time that the infamous Tuskegee syphilis study on black subjects was being carried out.Soon HeLa cells were to enable the first disaggregation of chromosomes, numerous discoveries from genetic and viral studies, and the first-ever cloning of a cell, gene mapping, in vitro fertilization and much, much more. (Ncayiyana) HeLa cells have had a positive influence on medicine in many ways including with giving us knowledge about the human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA and HPV18-positive. HeLa cells have been linked to changes in microRNA e xpression. Since HPV18 has been associated with very aggressive adenocarcinomas, this finding may explain why Dr.Gey was surprised by the prolific growth of HeLa cells in culture. Routine Papanicolaou smear screening may not detect rapidly progressive cervical carcinomas; the new HPV vaccine holds the promise of preventing these tumors. (Hutchins). The problem of possible contamination of other long-term cultured tumor cell lines with HeLa cells not only caused an international embarrassment, but also raised the concern of misattributing a specific property so another cell line, for example, a virus or a tumor-specific marker, which actually belongs to HeLa.With the continued and growing use of tissue culture in biochemist research, intra- and interspecific contamination becomes a significant risk. The determination of stable genetic markers on cultured cells is a powerful tool for monitoring such contamination. Recent experiments in which cultured cells and innumerable clones of so matic cell hybrids have been used for genetic analysis have shown that, with the proper use of polymorphic markers to characterize the cells, the possibility of undetected cross contamination of cultures is no longer the problem it once may have been.Therefore, in an effort to clarify the characteristics of the HeLa cell and establish its probable genotype for better-known polymorphisms, we studied HLA and other markers, in the surviving husband and children of Henrietta Lacks. (Hsu) Not only were there several negative effects for Henrietta Lacks, but the general public has found flaws with HeLa cells as well. The Drug Information Association sponsored a workshop that brought together people who deal with facilitating or regulating the collection of clinical specimens for genetic analyses to complement drug trials.Genetic studies of clinical samples have for years had to negotiate a tricky path through informed consent, confidentiality, and regulatory-oversight, but according to a couple of speakers who noted the Henrietta Lacks story, the 19 months since the book's publication have made some people even more wary of this research. â€Å"I think it was disconcerting to people who are not used to thinking about how specimens are handled, that their specimens could outlive them,† said the meeting's main organizer and chair, Amelia Wall Warner, Ph. D. who heads clinical pharmacogenomics and clinical specimen management for the drug company Merck. The Skloot book seems to be creating a lot of conversation, with patients often asking for a menu of consent that large-scale trials with many thousands of patients can't accommodate, she noted. (Zoler) Although there are accusations against doctors and corporations that bought these cells stating they did so without Henrietta Lacks’ consent, we owe our world of modern medicine to her. Her cells allowed us to research and experiment countless diseases and opened the door to learn about the human enome and cancer cells. Dr. Gey said, â€Å"It was the best of times, it was the worst of times. † It was the best of times for science in that this very peculiar tumor gave rise to the HeLa cell line, which has been available for the various studies referred to by others. For Mrs. Lacks and the family she left behind, it was the worst of times. Scientific progress and indeed progress of all kinds is often made at great cost, such as the sacrifice made by Henrietta Lacks† (Jones). While her family has yet to be compensated, HeLa cells continue to be used everyday in the medical field.Works Cited: Ncayiyana, Daniel J. â€Å"The extraordinary story of the life after death of Henrietta Lacks. †Ã‚  South African Medical Journal  101. 3 (2011): 141. Health Reference Center Academic. Web. 12 Nov. 2012. Grover M. Hutchins, Brendan P. Lucey, and Walter A. Nelson-Rees. Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine. 133. 9  (Sept. 2009)  p1463. Word Count: 4083. Jones HW Jr â₠¬â€œÃ‚  Am J Obstet Gynecol  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ 01-JUN-1997; 176(6): S227-8 MEDLINE ® is the source for the citation and abstract of this record   Susan H.Hsu, Bernice Z. Schacter, Nancy L. Delaney, Thomas B. Miller, Victor A. McKusick, R. H. Kennett, J. G. Bodmer, D. Young and W. F. Bodmer Science  , New Series, Vol. 191, No. 4225 (Jan. 30, 1976), pp. 392-394 Published by:  American Association for the Advancement of Science Article Stable URL: http://www. jstor. org/stable/1741942 Mitchel Zoler. Internal Medicine News. 44. 17  (Oct. 15, 2011)  p63. Word Count: 433. Williams, Nigel. â€Å"Prize For the HeLa Cell Story. †Ã‚  Current Biology  20. 23 (2010): n. ag. Sciverse. com. Web. 11 Nov. 2012. Manfuso, Jamie, and Stephanie Desmon. â€Å"Honoring the Henrietta Lacks Legacy at Hopkins. †Ã‚  Hopkins Medicine Magazine. Johns Hopkins, 20 May 2011. Web. 11 Nov. 2012. Hepworth, Jeri, PhD. â€Å"Advocacy for Henrietta Lacks and Family Medicine. † Editorial. Fam ily Medicine  Sept. 2011: 595-96. Society of Teachers of Family Medicine. Web. 11 Nov. 2012. Sharp, Rob. Life and afterlife of a women who will live for ever. The Independent. November 10 2010. Web. Nov 12 2012.

Ooks

Nazar, Bombata History, Per 1 10, 28, 12 Nazar, Bombata History, Per 1 10, 28, 12 Muhammad the Great Once upon a time there was a young man named Muhammad who was 18 years old. He was one of the youth that lived amongst the nomadic tribe in Ghana. They were well known for griot storytelling mainly about his great ancestors and their relationships with the kings of Ghana and Mali. One night when a member of the clan was telling Muhammad about the story of Sundiata, the first king of Mali and how he organized a powerful army and captured the former capital of Ghana, Muhammad, was very intrigued.They talked about how Sundiata expanded beyond Ghana’s old border and was a great force. When Sundiata fell a new leader named Mansa Musa who was Muslim and had spread Islam came into power. The story continued to describe a pilgrimage to Mecca and how upon returning to Mali, Mansa Musa rode on a horse with 500 slave’s dresses each in silk and all carrying gold staffs. He brought b ack 12,000 slaves, 80 camels and 300 pounds of gold, the story got Muhammad thinking.The next day Muhammad and his family went out into the savannah to hunt for animals to trade. But Muhammad decided he would go on an adventure of his own and leave his clan so he could do all the great things Sundiata and Mansa Musa did. After a day of hunting with his family, he had enough food to last him a whole year. So Muhammad left his clan and decided to go where all the great leaders went-Mali. In 1365 Mali was known as Songhai many years past and Muhammad was now 23.He had been able to learn from what Sundiata & Mansa Musa did so he followed in their footsteps. Muhammad became very close to Sunni Ali (Present king of Songhai) he was his helper. Soon Muhammad had studied all of the kings of Mali and Songhai like Sundiata, Mansa Musa. By now Askia Muhammad was in power and the new king. Muhammad forged a strong relationship with him. When Askia Muhammad died and his son took over power, becau se Muhammad had now been known by many and stood by the side of many strong and powerful kings.It was a natural transition that Muhammad became the new kings right hand man. As the years passed Muhammad helped expand Songhai and make their government stronger, the center of trade and education. Muhammad was a wise kingsman he was powerful and well respected†¦ Muhammad was happy that he was able to follow his dreams. The key here is to never be afraid to follow your dreams, learn from others to be able to achieve all that you want to be.

Oceanic Domain Awareness An Imperative Environmental Sciences Essay

Modern naval scheme is basically based on assorted agencies to turn up possible enemy forces across the oceans, a job complicated by the enormousness of the maritime environment, the immense figure of legitimate users, and the broad assortment of agencies by which an enemy can work the oceans to his advantage. The oceans are complex mediums whose nature provides ample chance for an enemy to avoid detection-weather, sea provinces, and coastal land masses all present considerable challenges to modern detectors. Peacetime economic usage of the seas complicates this job tremendously. The oceans are the universe ‘s foremost ( and arguably most unregulated ) main road, place to a huge and broad assortment of international impersonal transportation that possess no evident menace. Determining the enemy in such a crowded and complex environment is hard during conventional war, during an asymmetric struggle such as the planetary war on panic ( GWOT ) , it is a formidable undertaking. It is the asymmetric nature of GWOT that forms the nucleus of Maritime Domain Awareness ( MDA ) . In conventional naval war the enemy is comparatively good defined and about universally a battler. In GWOT, where literally any vas could be a possible enemy or arm bearer, or when any nautical event can hold an impact on the security of India, demands a much higher degree of consciousness than that usually required in a conventional naval struggle. This is recognised by the formal definition of MDA as articulated by the US authorities vide their document National Security Presidential Directive 41, 2004: – Maritime Domain Awareness is â€Å" the effectual apprehension of anything associated with the planetary maritime environment that could impact the security, safety, economic system or environment of U.S. This is accomplished through the integrating of intelligence, surveillance, observation, and pilotage systems into one common runing image ( COP ) that is accessible throughout the U.S. Government. Unlike traditional naval operations, it is evident that the end of MDA is far more than merely looking for possible maritime enemies poised to assail India. The deductions of â€Å" Anything associated † with the maritime environment that can impact the security, safety, economic system or environment go far beyond a authoritative maritime menace. As per the US reading, these include smuggling of people or unsafe ladings, buccaneering, proliferation of Weapons of Mass Destruction ( WMD ) , designation and protection of critical maritime substructure, oil spills, conditions, and environmental concerns among other events. Nautical events that could potentially impact India are non the lone wide-ranging component of MDA it is besides indispensable that menaces be identified as early and far from the seashore as possible. The planetary nature of MDA activities happening overseas and in foreign ports is really much a portion of MDA. For illustration, if a lading is loaded in Aden and its ultimate finish is India ( via several other international ports ) , the burden, conveyance, security, and all affairs associated with that container would be portion of MDA. MDA must hence be exercised over all oceans worldwide, and potentially cover all nautical involvements that finally impact India. Puting in topographic point an effectual MDA is a powerful undertaking sing the scope of possible security challenges and tremendous geographic country represented by the maritime sphere. In India a overplus of bureaus possessing a broad scope of operational and intelligence capablenesss would necessitate information merg er under the over-arching MDA. Although many factors are considered in MDA, its nucleus procedure is finally the monitoring of vass and the vass ‘ lading, crews, and riders to quickly bring forth geo-locating information on vass of involvement. This is an analytical procedure that includes trailing, informations base hunts for unknown linkages and anomaly sensing. Cardinal to this is the sensing, monitoring, tracking of vass. This tracking procedure is comprised of five elements designed to concentrate on a narrow country of tactical dimension where menaces can be identified and isolated viz. ; Maritime surveillance, Detection, Tracking, Classification & A ; Identification and aiming. Targeting involves construing sensing and designation information fused with intelligence to screen vessel purposes and determine hazard. MDA ‘s nucleus is using the vas tracking procedure to a superimposed defense mechanism theoretical account centred on the coastline of India, the ultimate end of which is to observe possible menaces early and as far off from the Indian coastline as possible. As there is no individual high value unit to protect MDA â€Å" beds † are expanded to include an full coastline with the overall end of co-ordinated surveillance. Not all countries in these â€Å" beds † are considered every bit, but instead extra attending is given to countries that are possible marks for the terrorist/enemy. The US has the 2000nm bound of the Maritime sensing and Identification zone MDIZ it is based on the legislated 96 hr presentment demand for foreign vass come ining U.S. ports. A vas going 20kts will get at its finish in approximately 96 hours. MDIZ ‘s purpose is to garner more timely information on the vas as it approaches closer to the U.S. seashore. When come ining the MDIZ, places every four hours are the norm while in territorial Waterss the end is to obtain positional informations every 3 proceedingss. There are many systems that could supply a high grade of surveillance and tracking informations, but the existent merger of this information remains a job country. In order to deduce a comprehensive MDA image, information demands to be fused, correlated, and analysed and for it to be relevant to national security it must be designed to run cohesively at tactical, regional and strategic degrees. Strategic MDA On the national degree, nautical scheme is critical for long term planning, operational penetration, and supplying national determination shapers with support to set up precedences, determine schemes of mutualist administrations, allocate national resources, and determine degree of overall maritime menace This is a hard procedure during normal peacetime operations and is peculiarly ambitious in the invariably altering asymmetric maritime environment that MDA is designed to turn to. MDA ‘s ultimate end is to obtain a sense of planetary consciousness that reaches beyond the confines of the tactical and regional degrees. If MDA was merely a defensive scheme against a known military or terrorist menace, it could be obtained by organizing defensive beds around India. But as an informational/awareness system, its ends are far broader, seeking to understand all possible maritime menaces to India, many of which could arise overseas in an unoffending mode. Strategic MDA requires a wide position and capablenesss at the highest degrees of analysis, intelligence, and policy. It requires the realignment of bureaucratism and the re-tasking of national assets toward the overall end of planetary consciousness. A Centre for strategic MDA must hold experience in multi-organisation operations and processs that can exceed the spread between the armed forces, jurisprudence enforcement, and regulative bureaus that are portion of MDA. In the maritime sphere, this is possible through enlargement of bing substructure, specifically developing such a fusion/analysis point. Two countries of detector engineerings that have peculiar pertinence to strategic MDA are a orbiter based feeling capableness and a net work of submerged surveillance detectors.Structure of the Indian MDAThe 26 Nov 2008 onslaught on Mumbai has been analysed and security spreads addressed to explicate the MDA. The cardinal rule for the MDA has been the application of informations blending to acquire actionable int elligence inputs to mensurate, comparison and place and prosecute and forestall sea-borne condemnable activities. The figure of different bureaus at cardinal and province degree involved is 13, and hence effectual coordination is an issue. Some of the enterprises include: – – Launch of GSAT7 orbiter in geosynchronous orbit by lSRO, with Rukmani terminuss ( ex Israel ) placed on Major war vessels for instantaneous informations transportation to run into the demands of the Navy. ISRO is besides likely to set in topographic point by 2013 the Indian Regional Navigation Seven Satellite System ( IRNSS ) which would supply informations within 1000 stat mis of India. – Puting up of The National Command Control Communication and Intelligence web ( NC3IN ) . – The puting up of a radio detection and ranging concatenation ( X band AIS receiving system VHF and Electro-Optics ) of 46 detector Stationss being linked with the AIS inputs ( Covering the full Indian seashore ) , and LRIT and Vessel Traffic Management Systems. Coastal secret plans are maintained by the ICG Regional HQs to back up the Joint Operations Centres ( JOCs ) set up following to naval nautical operations suites ( MORS ) in all naval bids and at New Delhi. – Puting up of Multi Agency Centres ( MAC ) for intelligence inputs and studies. – Registration of fishing vass by provinces, and proviso of battery operated Distress Action Terminals ( DATs ) for vass below 300 dozenss. DG Shipping would supply smaller fishing boats with AIS transponders which has enforced ISPS codification for Port security with port security programs. Supplying Biometric /recognition individuality cards for fishermen which can be identified on a machine on board surveillance platforms. – Puting up of a Marine Police force with 73 Coastal constabulary Stationss across 9 provinces and provided with 5 and 10 ton trade which can police inshore Waterss. – A uninterrupted outline of record of transporting with World Customs Organisation has been enforced and MARSEC security degrees are exercised and coastal villagers educated on demand to be argus-eyed by the IN and ICG. – The Indian Navy has instituted Marine Commandos Rapid Reaction Forces and a Sagar Prahari Bal ( SPB ) of 100 mariners who are being equipped with 80 fast interceptor trade ( FICs ) for protection of naval bases, VAs and VPs. UAVs and Aerostats are besides planned for initiation. – Coordinated coastal and seaward plus patrolling has been strengthened by the IN and the ICG. – All stairss for MDA are networked with the Indian Navy ‘s fleet of ships, pigboats and MR aircraft. The Government of India has put in topographic point a formidable program for MDA, and the single systems are being setup prior to concluding integrating and fusing of informations. It is expected that the MDA would be to the full functional by 2015. However, in close hereafter it can be presumed that Indian Navy would draw a bead on to get formidable sea denial and sea control capablenesss. It is opined that the footings Sea watch/denial/ control are likely to spread out and transform in to ‘Oceanic infinite watch/ denial/control ‘ . The term Oceanic infinite denial/control would encompass a cylindrical infinite in 3D+ dimensions ; that is the sea surface, the atmospheric volume above, the outer infinite at least up to low Earth revolving satellite highs, the H2O volume up to the sea bed, the sea bed itself and besides security of the deep sea mining assets in the EEZ. ( Opinion of the writer ) . The above premiss implies that a broader pelagic skyline is in fact inclusive of non merely extended and broader spacial operating sphere, but besides much wider and broader raid in to the verticals below the surface to the sea bed and above up to fringe of the ambiance. Unless deductions of this nature are anticipated and factored in, technological prognosiss themselves would drag behind the rapid progressing gait of engineering and the synergisms being achieved due to harmonization and version inter and intra scientific Fieldss. Therefore it is imperative that holistic positions into the information consciousness sphere include the pelagic sphere consciousness every bit good as it ‘s connect with India ‘s security and MDA. Oceanic Domain Awareness Scientific survey of the oceans originated in U.S. basically as a map of national security. Probes that focused on the tactical and operational impacts of the fluid, geophysical, chemical and biological Marine environment upon U.S. Navy operations successfully addressed many disputing naval demands ; but oceanographic enquiry in support of naval demands besides triggered unexpected consequences. In many cases the cognition of the oceans that was acquired through directed surveies – and through complementary lines of enquiry that were enabled by tools developed for naval oceanographic research – farther wedged national security in ways that were non anticipated and which transcended tactical and operational significance and could be considered of more strategic effect. The primary drift to the rapid development of oceanology during its twentieth century yearss as a scientific discipline is without a uncertainty the pigboat and the cardinal alterations that occurred when naval warfare became genuinely 3-dimensional. Prosecuting pigboats was executable chiefly through the transmittal of submerged sound, actively by echo sounder to echo-locate marks and passively by listening hydrophones and triangulation. The range of oceanographic attempts in the chase of the pigboat opened all of the oceanographic subjects ( physical, chemical, biological, and geological oceanology ) to increased investing, research attempt and – significantly – to integrating. Twentieth-century oceanology was basically a security-based enterprise to cut down the opacity of the oceans to antisubmarine warfare in WWI, WWII and the Cold War, and harness that opacity for violative pigboat operations, along with a host of other security based naval concerns. In the ocean scientific disciplines, new engineering necessarily leads to new finds and to cardinal progresss in basic cognition. In the old ages following World War II, the first global-scale function and sampling of the seafloor by oceanographic research vass led straight to the find of seafloor spreading and the development of the theory of home base tectonics which has since revolutionised thoughts of Earth construction and development. A decennary subsequently, the first geographic expedition of mid-ocean ridges utilizing deep-towed vehicles and manned submersibles resulted in the singular find of deep-sea hydrothermal blowhole communities with antecedently unknown signifiers of life and a huge, still mostly undiscovered microbial biosphere below the seafloor. Over the past two decennaries, ocean physicists, chemists, life scientists, and geologists have used a assortment of tools, from instrumented buoys to deep-sea boring, to redefine their apprehension of the ocean ‘s f unction in commanding conditions and longer-term clime alteration. The ocean scientific disciplines are now on the threshold of another major technological progress as the scientific community begins to set up a planetary, long-run presence in the oceans in order to understand the temporal variableness of ocean systems on clip graduated tables runing from seconds to decennaries or longer. This chance arises from the meeting of a figure of emerging new technological capablenesss, including: – – Telecommunication engineering ( e.g. , orbiters, fiber-optic pigboat overseas telegrams ) that makes possible real-time telemetry of huge measures of informations to shore every bit good as real-time synergistic control of instruments in even the most distant parts of the deep sea ; – Telecommunication overseas telegrams that enable important degrees of power to run instruments from the sea surface to the deep seafloor ; – New detectors that make possible in situ measurings of physical, chemical, and biological procedures ; – Computational and patterning capablenesss to construct more realistic, multidisciplinary, and prognostic theoretical accounts of ocean phenomena ; – Data archival systems that can hive away, pull strings, and recover immense volumes of informations from arrays of detectors ; and – Computer webs that can convey real-time informations to the desktop, which could potentially immensely increase engagement of research workers, pupils, pedagogues and the general populace in ocean research and find. An illustration of a double usage observatory is the Sound Surveillance System ( SOSUS ) , a classified system developed by the U.S. Navy in the late fiftiess to observe, path, and sort Russian pigboats utilizing arrays of submerged hydrophones. SOSUS is a web of acoustic arrays in which hydrophones are connected to a shore station by a pigboat overseas telegram. Research workers with security clearances have used the system for productive surveies of mid-ocean ridge volcanic-hydrothermal systems, marine mammals, and acoustic thermometry. SOSUS has besides provided the research community with technology know-how that will be relevant to any cabled web of ocean observatories. One lesson from the U.S. Navy ‘s SOSUS type of arrays is that the acquisition and public distribution of acoustic and other geophysical informations in some parts along a state ‘s coastline poses a important national security hazard. Technologies ( e.g. , robust detectors and substructure, independent vehicles ) must be developed to heighten informations aggregation in all conditions conditions to back up high-spatial declaration and near-real-time prediction throughout the Open Ocean and coastal zone. Supplying accurate and comprehensive environmental information will necessitate spread outing experimental webs to supervise, record, and present real-time, surface-monitoring informations ( e.g. , high-frequency, coastal-based radio detection and rangings ) . This enlargement will necessitate progressing detector and engineering development, peculiarly for independent and relentless observations, every bit good as for long-run detecting systems ; spread outing real-time or near-real-time informations aggregation on environmental variables by integrating experimental capablenesss of ships of chance ( e.g. , fishing, lading, and rider vass ) ; and heightening automated and independent bottom-mapping capablenesss for alteration sensing to better rapid, all-out study programming. Datas collected by the detecting systems must be accessible through a comprehensive national information web, either through a individual system or a distributed web. Developing this information web will necessitate new methodological analysiss that address spreads in informations aggregation, sharing, and interoperability of engineerings, and should allow integrating of bing research into operational systems ( e.g. , systems supplying real-time pilotage informations to vass ) . This information web should be able to associate with other databases, such as those concentrating on ecosystem informations, and developed in conformity with international criterions for informations exchange. The national information web will besides supply the informations needed for theoretical accounts imitating multiple scenarios to better understand possible impacts, conditions events or semisynthetic breaks on Marine operations, and to back up operations Restoration programs. The seashore and unfastened ocean are critical spheres for the security of a state with sea as boundaries, both at place and abroad. National-security operations in the ocean take topographic point globally and frequently require uninterrupted, near-real-time monitoring of environmental conditions utilizing tools such as independent detectors, targeted observations, and adaptative modeling. These capablenesss, combined with improved apprehension of the ocean environment enabled by other ocean scientific discipline research activities, will back up accurate ocean-state appraisals and let hereafter forces to carry on joint and combined operations in near shore and deep-ocean operating environments, anyplace and at anytime. In position of the treatment above it has been brought out that the MDA needs to be integrated within pelagic sphere consciousness for completeness of maritime cognition, the deficiency of which can take to serious effects as has been brought out in a recent appraisal of naval exercisings and arm fires in the US, where it was found that over 90 % of them were affected adversely due to amiss assessed or small known environmental factors. In an existent struggle, these would hold led to mission failures. This lone under-pins the fact that Oceanic Domain Awareness is an enabler for the hereafter and an jussive mood for a state like India.